Cognitive Neuroscience

Study of Mind

Mind: Information processor (Represent and transform information)

A. Brain Structure & Function

• The Brain:
  1. Cerebral cortex
  2. Cerebellum

  AI: Self-organizing Map

• Nervous System:
  1. Neurons
  2. Neural Plasticity
  3. Neuro-Development
  4. Neuro-Imaging
  5. Measuring neural activity
  6. Neural connectivity

B. Methods of Cognitive Neuroscience

• Lesioning
• Lateralization

C. Sensory Nervous System: Sensation & Perception

• Olfactory System: Sense of smell
• Gustatory System: Sense of taste
• Auditory System: Sense of hearing
• Somatosensory System: Sense of touch (temperature, body position and pain)
  1. Proprioception: Sensing oneself
  2. Introception: Sensing inside world (guts, intestine…)
  3. Extroception: Sensing outside world
     • Pain
• Visual System: Sense of vision
  1. Edge detection with linear filter [prewitt, sobel filter …]
  2. Convolutional Neural Network (apply filters for multiple rounds)
  3. Object Recognition
  4. Encoder - Decoder (Decode brain activity to natural images)
  5. Object Detection
• Vestibular (Motor) System: Sense of balance
  1. Control Theory
  2. PID Controller
  3. Brain Machine Interface (BMI)
• Vocal System: Voice and language

D. Memory

External World —> Sensory Processor —> Short-term/Working Memory —> Long-term Memory

• Types of Memory: 1. Sensory Memory
  1. Short-term Memory
  2. Working Memory
  3. Long-term Memory
• Free will: Act without external influences
• Consciousness: Awareness of internal and external existence Theory:
  1. Global workspace theory
  2. Integrated information theory
  3. Damasio’s theory of consciousness
     • Emotions: Collection of unconscious neural responses to int/external stimuli
     • Feeling(2nd order emotion): Arises when an organism becomes aware of changes it is experiencing

  Q. Will we ever have a conscious machine? ==> Many important algorithms have been devised, however, many additional techniques have to be discovered yet.